← The Ironbridge Gorge Archive

Two thousand years of crossing the river

The Gorge is a river valley first and an industrial landscape second. Everything else here begins with the problem of getting from one bank to the other.

  1. Roman

    Fording the Severn

    The Gorge is crossed at low water. There is no bridge anywhere between Buildwas and Bridgnorth, and the river runs shallow enough to walk only in summer.

  2. Medieval

    Abbey crossings and fish weirs

    Buildwas Abbey controls a crossing at the head of the Gorge. Weirs, fisheries and rights of passage begin to appear in the manorial record.

  3. 1600s

    The passage boats

    As the river trade grows, formal 'passage boats' are licensed at Coalport, Madeley Wood and Benthall — rowed or hauled, and leased out year by year.

  4. 1779

    The Iron Bridge is cast

    Abraham Darby III's bridge is erected across the Gorge, opening to traffic on New Year's Day 1781 — the first cast-iron arch bridge in the world.

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  5. 1796

    Buildwas Bridge

    Telford spans the river at Buildwas in cast iron, replacing the ancient crossing at the top of the Gorge.

  6. 1799

    The Coalport ferry disaster

    An overloaded passage boat goes down at Coalport with heavy loss of life — the event that shadowed every later argument for a bridge here.

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  7. 1818

    Coalport Bridge in iron

    The wooden bridge at Coalport is rebuilt in cast iron, with toll houses at both approaches.

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  8. 1864

    The Albert Edward Bridge

    The railway crosses the Severn on a cast-iron arch built at Coalbrookdale — industry crossing the river it had grown beside.

  9. 1890

    Joseph Crowell takes the ferry lease

    A handwritten agreement sets out the terms on which the Coalport ferry boat is worked — one of the few such documents to survive.

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  10. 1909

    The Free Bridge and the last ferries

    The toll-free bridge opens between Ironbridge and Jackfield. Photographs taken that year show the last ferry boats still on the water beneath it.

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  11. 1922

    The Memorial Footbridge

    Coalport and Jackfield build a footbridge as a war memorial, ending the passage boat that had crossed here for centuries.

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  12. 1950

    The Iron Bridge tolls end

    After 169 years, tolls stop being collected at the toll house. The bridge closes to vehicles in 1934 and to everything but foot traffic thereafter.

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  13. 1993

    The Free Bridge replaced

    The 1909 Free Bridge is demolished and replaced by the present Jackfield bridge.

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  14. Today

    What survives

    Landing steps, a corrugated-iron ferry shed, worn stone at the water's edge, and five bridges. Everything else is photographs.

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Keep exploring

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